Time of flight diffraction (TOFD) inspection is a non-destructive method to detect defects in welds. It is a great tool for detecting defect size.
In this parametric sweep, we simulate a 2D TOFD with multiple different defect heights and analyse the results of the receive signal.
Model Description
This 2D model is a simple Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) inspection of a steel block consisting of a defect, a transmitter and receiver. When a defect is present in the test piece, there is a diffraction of the wave from the top and bottom tips of the crack. Using the measured time of flight of the pulse, the depth of the crack tips can be calculated to calculate defect size.
Download and Open the Model
OnScale Input Files have the file extension *.flxinp. To open the downloaded file:
- Open OnScale
- Select Analyst Mode
- Select the Menu button in the top left of the application
- Select Open
Preview Model
Preview model is used to view the geometry dimensions and material assignment of a model to ensure the script is correct. To preview a model, select the Preview Model icon in the Home tab of the application ribbon.
Note: Preview model will display data from any grph commands that come before the prcs command. If you have more than one grph command, you can cycle through the graphics by continuously selecting Preview Model. To close the preview, select Stop Preview.
Run Model on Cloud
To run the model on the cloud, select the Run on Cloud button in the Home tab of the application and follow these steps:
- Click Select and open the file you wish to run (TOFD_2D.flxinp)
- Set defect_hgt Start Value to 0.005, End Value to 0.002 and number of Simulations to 20
- Select Estimate
- Select Run
Download Results
- From the Home tab, select the Storage icon
- Select the Refresh icon to refresh storage
- Select the Job Name from the dropdown menu
- Select all simulation folders
- Right click and select Download Selection By Type - .flxhst
Choose a directory to download the results to. These results will be stored in the folder: TOFD_2D-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS\1 where YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS is the current date and time.
Switch to Post Processor
Post Processor is a suite of tools used to visualise and analyse output data generated from OnScale simulations. Switch to Post Post Processor.
What kind of analysis can I do in Post Processor? Find out here.
Analyse Results
To plot the pressure signal measured at the receiver, follow these steps:
- In File Explorer, navigate to the download directory, expand folder Simulation 1 and double click the file 'TOFD_2D.flxhst' to open it
- Repeat Step 1 for files in Simulation 4,7 and 10
- In Results Manager, select the time average 'avrg rxav:Average' by left clicking it
- Repeat Step 3 for the second, third and fourth curves
What's Next?
Simulate TOFD Model in full 3D